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On smaller screens, however, maintaining this spacing is not possible. Wellington City Council website, as seen on a desktop monitor: Extra whitespace to the left of the Search button separates it from the rest of the main navigation and identifies it as a different type of functionality, even though it shares the same font treatment with the main categories in the navigation menu. This whitespace is critical for making the Search function stand out from the rest of the main menu. However, the extra whitespace between the main navigation and Search indicates that they belong to separate groups and thus have distinctive functionalities. For example, in the header area of the Wellington City Council website, the Search function is located on the same line as the main navigation of the site when viewed on a large screen. Using varying amounts of whitespace to either unite or separate elements is key to communicating meaningful groupings.
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Even when including differing shapes within each group, these two groupings are still clear. Whitespace separates the shapes into two distinct grouping through the principle of proximity. The practice of placing related elements close together and separating unrelated elements can be seen almost everywhere in UI design. Proximity is one of the most important grouping principles and can overpower competing visual cues such as similarity of color or shape. UI design heavily relies on proximity and other grouping principles, as correctly interpreting which elements are related is critical to successfully interacting with the interface.ĭefinition: The principle of proximity states that items close together are likely to be perceived as part of the same group - sharing similar functionality or traits. Later, more grouping principles (such as common region) were added to the original Gestalt list. These principles include proximity, similarity, and closure - which are all important in the visual design of digital interfaces. Gestalt theory allows for the breakup of elements from the whole situation into what it really is.Gestalt principles were discovered in the first half of the 20th century by Gestalt psychologists, who were trying to make sense of how people visually perceive the world - specifically, how people decide whether certain elements are part of the same group or not.
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The phrase "The whole is greater than the sum of the parts" is often used when explaining gestalt theory, though this is a mistranslation of Kurt Koffka's original phrase, "The whole is other than the sum of the parts". In psychology, gestaltism is often opposed to structuralism. The gestalt effect is the form-generating capability of our senses, particularly with respect to the visual recognition of figures and whole forms instead of just a collection of simple lines and curves. Contrary to the behaviorist approach to understanding the elements of cognitive processes, gestalt psychologists sought to understand their organization. Gestalt psychologists stipulate that perception is the product of complex interactions among various stimuli. Gestalt psychology tries to understand the laws of our ability to acquire and maintain stable percepts in a noisy world. The principle maintains that the human eye sees objects in their entirety before perceiving their individual parts, suggesting the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Gestalt psychology or gestaltism is a theory of mind and brain of the Berlin School the operational principle of gestalt psychology is that the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies. Freebase (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: